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Psychopharmacology
1. Common side effects of TCA include fine tremor T
2. Common side effects of TCA include urinary retention T
3. Common side effects of TCA include paralytic Ileus F
4. Common side effects of TCA include postural hypotension T
5. Common side effects of TCA include blurred vision T
6. Features of neuroleptic malignant syndrome include hypertonia T
7. Features of neuroleptic malignant syndrome include autonomic lability T
8. Features of neuroleptic malignant syndrome include hyperpyrexia T
9. Features of neuroleptic malignant syndrome include cerebral metastatic deposits F
10. Features of neuroleptic malignant syndrome include Good response to anti-cholinergic medications F
11. With long term neuroleptic treatment lower doses are needed for prophylaxis than for acute illness T
12. With long term neuroleptic treatment intermittent treatment can lead to higher total dosage T
13. With long term neuroleptic treatment relapse is unlikely to occur if drugs are with drawn after 2 years F
14. With long term neuroleptic treatment males are more likely to develop Tardive dyskinesia F
15. Long term neuroleptic treatment should not be started after the first episode of schizophrenia F
16. Clomipramine is a sedative antidepressant F
17. Phenelzine is a sedative antidepressant F
18. Dothiepin is a sedative antidepressant T
19. Mianserin is a sedative antidepressant T
20. Imipramine is a sedative anti-depressant F
21. L dopa interacts significantly with MAOI T
22. Tyramin interacts significantly with MAOI T
23. Tryptophan interacts significantly with MAOI T
24. Inhalational anaesthetics interacts significantly with MAOI T
25. Pethidine interacts significantly with MAOI T
26. Tricyclic antidepressants are contraindicated in patients with cataract F
27. Tricyclic antidepressants are safer than ECT in men with history of MI F
28. Tricyclic antidepressants can be combined with Carbamazepine in depression T
29. Tricyclic antidepressants should never be combined wit MAOI F
30. Tricyclic antidepressants potentiate the pressor effect of noradrenaline T
31. Cold remedies interact significantly with TCA
32. Morphine interacts significantly with TCA F
33. Propranolol interacts significantly with TCA F
34. Isoprenalin interacts significantly with TCA
35. Clozapine interacts significantly with TCA F
36. Cholestatic jaundice is a side effect of Haloperidol T
37. Tardive dyskinesia is a side effect of Haloperidol T
38. Akathisia is a side effect of Haloperidol T
39. Postural hypotention is a side effect of Haloperidol T
40. Impotence is a side effect of Haloperidol T
41. There is a significant interaction between Propranolol & TCA F
42. There is a significant interaction between Isoprenalin & TCA T
43. There is a significant interaction between Alcohol & metronidazole T
44. There is a significant interaction between Haloperidol & lithium T
45. There is a significant interaction between Venlafaxine & lithium F
46. Effects of diazepam include fits on withdrawal T
47. Effects of diazepam include fast waves on EEG T
48. Effects of diazepam include selective increase in REM sleep F
49. Diazepam potentiates the effects of TCA F
50. Side effects of diazepam include Amnesia T
51. Dibenzodiazepines are antipsychotics T
52. Diphenyl butyl piperidines are antipsychotics T
53. Substituted benzamides are antipsychotics Tt
54. Hydrazines are antipsychotics F
55. Dipyridamol is an antipsychotic F
56. Phenelzine inhibits 5HT reuptake F
57. Maprotiline inhibits 5HT reuptake T
58. Fluvoxamine inhibits 5HT reuptake T
59. Buspirone inhibits 5HT reuptake F
60. Clomipramine inhibits 5HT reuptake T
61. Drugs which passes the blood-brain-barrier have a high lipid / water partition coefficient T
62. Drugs which passes the blood-brain-barrier are ionised F
63. Drugs which passes the blood-brain-barrier bind weakly to protein T
64. Drugs which passes the blood-brain-barrier have usually a high molecular weight F
65. The active metabolites of drugs which passes the blood-brain-barrier, can also enter the brain T
66. Cannabis gives tolerance T
67. Cocaine gives tolerance T
68. Phenelzine gives tolerance F
69. Lithium gives tolerance F
70. Buspiron gives tolerance F
71. In action potential Sodium ions pass into the cells T
72. In action potential Potassium ions pass into the cells F
73. In action potential Phosphate ions comes out of the cells F
74. In action potential Chloride ions pass into the cells F
75. In action potential Membrane voltage changes T
76. Phelezine is a reversible inhibitor of MAO F
77. Moclobemide is a reversible inhibitor of MAO T
78. Selegiline is a reversible inhibitor of MAO F
79. Amitriptyline is a reversible inhibitor of MAO F
80. Tyramin is a reversible inhibitor of MAO F
81. Zopiclone & Cyclopyrolone are correctly paired T
82. Pimozide & Benzamide are correctly paired F
83. Sulpiride & Diphenyl butyl piperadine are correctly paired F
84. Zuclopenthixol & thioxanthene are correctly paired T
85. Clozapine & Dibenzodiazepines are correctly paired T
86. In the first pass metabolism degradation occur by entero-hepatic circulation F
87. Entero-hepatic circulation means that the drug is excreted in the biliary circulation T
88. Most psychotropic drugs are metabolised by the brain F
89. IV route is not influenced by enzyme induction caused by oral drugs F
90. Metabolised products are usually ionised T
91. Alcohol must be avoided completely in patients taking Phenelzine T
92. Aspirin must be avoided completely in patients taking Phenelzine F
93. patients taking Phenelzine must carry a card T
94. Phenelzine may cause Postural Hypertension T
95. Phenelzine is contra-indicated in patients having ECT treatment
96. Trazodon has significant cholinergic effects F
97. Diazepam has significant cholinergic effects F
98. Clozapine has significant cholinergic effects
99. Carbamazepine has significant cholinergic effects F
100. Fluoxetine has significant cholinergic effects F
101. Fluoxetine has sedative effects F
102. Mianserin has sedative effects T
103. Doxepine has sedative effects T
104. Amitriptyline has sedative effects T
105. Tranilcypromine has sedative effects F
106. Benzodiazepines can cause agitation T
107. Benzodiazepines increase beta wave activity on EEG T
108. Benzodiazepines potentiate the antidepressant effect of TCA F
109. Benzodiazepines can cause low Folate F
110. Benzodiazepines can give physical dependence T
111. Carbamazepine is safe in pregnancy F
112. Carbamazepine Is of proved efficiency in bipolar affective disorder T
113. Carbamazepine can cause hypothermia T
114. Carbamazepine interacts with Warfarin dangerously T
115. Carbamazepine decreases the efficiency of OCP T
116. Thioridazine is lees cytotoxic than chlorpromazine F
117. Pimozide is contra-indicated if the QT interval is prolonged T
118. Olanzapine causes less impotence than chlorpromazine T
119. Droperidol causes less postural hypotention than chlorpromazine F
120. Low doses of Sulpiride are alerting in negative schizophrenia T
121. Vigabatrin inhibits GABA transaminase T
122. Phenytoin inhibits GABA transaminase F
123. Valproate inhibits GABA transaminase T
124. Carbamazepine inhibits GABA transaminase F
125. Lamotrigine inhibits GABA transaminase F
126. Clozapine has a higher affinity for D1 compared to other antipsychotics T
127. Clozapine selectively blocks D2 in the striatum F
128. Clozapine blocks D3 receptors in the brain
129. Clozapine has a specific affinity for D4 T
130. Clozapine has 5 HT agonistic action F
131. Moclobemide does not interfere with tyramine
132. Reversible inhibitors for MAOI inhibit MOA A T
133. Reversible inhibitors for MAOI should be discontinued 2 weeks before TCA F
134. Dopamine is metabolised by MOA enzyme T
135. Dopamine is metabolised by COMT enzyme T
136. Dopamine crosses the blood-brain-barrier F
137. Dopamine is a precursor for Noradrenaline T
138. Dopamine acts on calcium gated channels F
139. Diphenyl dantoines are antipsychotics F
140. Cyclopyrolone are antipsychotics F
141. Thioxantenes are antipsychotics T
142. Fluvoxamine causes weight gain F
143. Flupenthixol decanoate causes weight gain T
144. Valproate causes weight gain T
145. Amitriptyline causes weight gain T
146. Haloperidol increases plasma lithium concentration F
147. Thyroxin increases plasma lithium concentration F
148. Ibuprofen increases plasma lithium concentration T
149. Frusemide increases plasma lithium concentration T
150. Carbamezapine increases plasma lithium concentration F
151. Carbamazepine can be used for prophylaxis in bipolar disorder T
152. Carbamazepine blocks presynaptic NA reuptake T
153. Carbamazepine has been shown to have antidepressant effects T
154. Carbamazepine is more effective in the treatment of absence fits than complete fits F
155. Carbamazepine causes a rash in 25 % of patients F 3 %
156. SSRI are mostly sedating antidepressant F
157. SSRI cause significant leucopenia F
158. SSRI can not be combined with antipsychotics F
159. Lofepramine is a good example of SSRI F
160. Nausea is a common early side effect of SSRI T
161. TCA are generally associated with insomnia F
162. TCA are generally associated with skin rash T
163. TCA are generally associated with nausea T
164. TCA are generally associated with constipation T
165. TCA are generally associated with tremor T
166. Patients taking classical MOAI should avoid Tartrazine F
167. Patients taking classical MOAI should avoid smoked herrings T
168. Patients taking classical MOAI should avoid Ephedrine cough preparation T
169. Patients taking classical MOAI should avoid low alcohol lager T
170. Patients taking classical MOAI should avoid Chianti wine T
171. A well controlled lithium treatment may result in fine tremor T
172. A well controlled lithium treatment may result in leg Oedema T
173. A well controlled lithium treatment may result in excessive thirst T
174. A well controlled lithium treatment may result in metallic taste T
175. A well controlled lithium treatment may result in weight gain T
176. Thioridazine treatment may be associated with retinal damage T
177. Thioridazine treatment may be associated with tachy-arrhythmias T
178. Thioridazine treatment may be associated with postural hypotention T
179. Thioridazine treatment may be associated with abnormal T waves on ECG T
180. Thioridazine treatment may be associated with prolonged ventricular repolarization T
181. Recognised features of neuroleptic malignant syndrome include generalised Hypotonia of muscles F
182. Recognised features of neuroleptic malignant syndrome include hypothermia F
183. Recognised features of neuroleptic malignant syndrome include clouding of consciousness T
184. Recognised features of neuroleptic malignant syndrome include Cholestatic jaundice F
185. Recognised features of neuroleptic malignant syndrome include Hypothyroidism F
186. Side effects of TCA include elevated ST segment on ECG T
187. Side effects of TCA include prolongation of QT interval T
188. Side effects of TCA include bradycardia F
189. Side effects of TCA include Leucopenia T
190. Side effects of TCA include Haemolytic anaemia F
191. Side effects of Phenelzine include ankle oedema T
192. Side effects of Phenelzine include hypercalcaemia
193. Side effects of Phenelzine include parasthaesia in the limbs T
194. Side effects of Phenelzine include precipitation of hypomania T
195. Side effects of Phenelzine include purpura T
196. Side effects of lithium include drowsiness T
197. Side effects of lithium include fine tremor of hands T
198. Side effects of lithium include nephrogenic diabetes insipidus T
199. Side effects of lithium include hyperparathyroidism F
200. Side effects of lithium include hypothyroidism T
201. Tardive dyskinesia occurs more frequently with increased age T
202. Tardive dyskinesia is complained of by relatives more than by patients T
203. Tardive dyskinesia can be abolished by anti-cholinergic drugs F
204. Tardive dyskinesia can arise de novo T
205. Tardive dyskinesia may be due to the hypersensitivity of dopamine receptor in the basal ganglia T
206. Recognised indication for Carbamazepine include atypical facial pain T
207. Recognised indication for Carbamazepine include potentiation of MAOI therapy in atypical depression F
208. Recognised indication for Carbamazepine include first line treatment for petit mal seizures F
209. Recognised indication for Carbamazepine include OCD F
210. Recognised indication for Carbamazepine include first episode schizophrenia F
211. Side effects of Propranolol include insomnia T
212. Side effects of Propranolol include retinal hyperpigmentation F
213. Side effects of Propranolol include hypercalcaemia
214. Side effects of Propranolol include purpura T
215. Side effects of Propranolol include Tinnitus
216. Imipramine causes insomnia F
217. Imipramine causes dry mouth T
218. Imipramine causes postural hypotention T
219. Imipramine causes constipation T
220. Imipramine causes arrhythmia T
221. MOAI produce toxic effects when taken in combination with L- Tryptophan T
222. MOAI produce toxic effects when taken in combination with Pethidine T
223. MOAI produce toxic effects when taken in combination with pseudoephedrine T
224. MOAI produce toxic effects when taken in combination with one pint of beer F
225. MOAI produce toxic effects when taken in combination with Peeled bananas F
226. Phenytoin intoxication can present as pseudo-dementia T
227. Phenytoin intoxication can present as visual disturbance involving glare photophobia F
228. Phenytoin intoxication can cause increased in fit frequency T
229. Phenytoin intoxication can present as involuntary movements T
230. Phenytoin intoxication can present as Cardiac arrhythmia T
231. Hung pheasant should be avoided when taking MAOI T
232. Chocolate should be avoided when taking MAOI F
233. Bovril should be avoided when taking MAOI T
234. Alcohol free beers should be avoided when taking MAOI T
235. Buspiron acts on the 5 HT receptors T
236. Benzodiazepines are mediated via the GABA receptor & chloride ion channels T
237. Clozapine predominantly acts upon D1 receptors T
238. D2 agonists are effective antipsychotics F
239. Down regulation of receptors takes mili-seconds to occur F
240. The use of lithium may result in ataxia T
241. The use of lithium may result in impaired excretion with NSAID T
242. The use of lithium may result in Diabetes insipidus which may be treated with Amiloride T
243. The use of lithium may result in weight loss F
244. The use of lithium in pregnancy may result in neural tube defects in the baby T
245. Phenelzine interacts dangerously with Phenyl propanolamine T
246. Phenelzine interacts dangerously with Clomipramine T
247. Phenelzine interacts dangerously with Salbutamol F
248. Common side effects of TCA include metallic taste in the mouth F
249. Common side effects of TCA include fits F
250. Carbamazepine may cause Diabetes insipidus F
251. Carbamazepine is excreted unchanged in the urine F
252. Gastric pH is reduced in the elderly F
253. Hepatic mass is reduced in the elderly T
254. Body water volume is increased in the elderly F
255. Body fat is increased in the elderly T
256. The glomerular filtration rate GFR is decreased in the elderly T
257. Hepatic enzyme activity is decreased in the elderly T
258. Benzodiazepines have specific BZD receptors T
259. Benzodiazepines can rarely cause hypotention T
260. Benzodiazepines induce liver enzymes F
261. Cimetidine potentiates the effects of Benzodiazepines T
262. Thioridazine can increase lithium levels F
263. Diplopia is an extra-pyramidal side effect T
264. Scanning speech is an extra-pyramidal side effect F
265. Festinent gait is an extra-pyramidal side effect T
266. Oro-facial dyskinesia is an extra-pyramidal side effect T
267. Tremor of 3-5 HZ is suggestive of extra-pyramidal side effects T
268. Zopiclone – benzodiazepines are correctly paired F
269. Flupenthixol – Thioxanthene are correctly paired T
270. Chlormethiazol – benzodiazepines are correctly paired F
271. Fenflurazine – MOAI are correctly paired F
272. Common side effects of TCA include Sinus bradycardia F
273. Common side effects of TCA include direct myocardial toxicity F
274. Amitriptyline is considered suitable for the treatment of depression in a patient with recent MI F
275. Mianserin is considered suitable for the treatment of depression in a patient with recent MI F
276. Mianserin is considered suitable for the treatment of depression in a patient with recent MI F
277. Maprotiline is considered suitable for the treatment of depression in a patient with recent MI F
278. Doxepin is considered suitable for the treatment of depression in a patient with recent MI F
279. Patients treated with MOAI should not eat broad beans removed from their pods F
280. Patients treated with MOAI should not eat Cottage cheese F
281. Patients treated with MOAI should not eat Fresh calf liver F
282. Recognised unwanted side effects of Propranolol include tachycardia F
283. Recognised unwanted side effects of Propranolol include bronchospasm T
284. Recognised unwanted side effects of Propranolol include Hyperglycaemia T
285. Recognised unwanted side effects of Propranolol include congestive cardiac failure T
286. TCA suppress REM sleep T
287. Atypical antipsychotics are characterised by proven efficacy in refractory schizophrenia F
288. Excessive salivation is a recognised problem with Clozapine T
289. Disulfiram frequently causes erectile failure T
290. Lithium is metabolised mainly in the liver F
291. Carbamazepine reaches a steady state usually in 48 hours F
292. Reboxetine has strong serotinergic reuptake inhibition F
293. The use of Citalopram is limited by it’s wide range drug interactions F
294. Zopiclone reaches peak levels in about an hour after dosing T
295. IM lorazepam is absorbed slower than IM diazepam F
296. Oxazepam has metabolites that take longer than diazepam to clear F
297. Mirtazapine is preferable to Fluoxetine in patients with sexual dysfunction T
298. Flupenthixol is a phenothiazine F
299. There is no significant difference between Olanzapine & Sulpiride in their tendency to cause hyperprolactinaemia F
300. Available data at the present suggest that Venlafaxine is safer than Fluoxetine in pregnancy F
301. Lofepramine is metabolised to desipramine T
302. Compared to Amisulpiride weight gain is less of a problem with Clozapine F
303. Sodium valproate has a ½ life of 8 hours T
304. Clonazepam has a ½ life of more than a day T
305. Convulsions are a recognised feature of the serotinergic syndrome T
306. Galactorrhoea is a characteristic side effect of Clozapine F
307. TCA frequently cause hyperprolactinaemia F
308. In first order kinetics, the ½ life is directly proportional to the plasma concentration F
309. It takes 7-10 days for steady state levels to be reached if twice a day dose regime of Clozapine is used F
310. Fluoxetine has no clinically significant interaction with Warfarin F
311. Carbamazepine induces it’s own hepatic metabolism T
312. The use of Fluoxetine with lithium carries clinically recognised risks T
313. Pharmacological ½ life is the time taken for the blood level of a drug to fall to half of it’s initial level F
314. Acute Dystonia following the use of antipsychotics rarely affect muscles of the tongue F
315. Amitriptyline is contra-indicated in breast feeding mothers F
316. Leucopenia is a recognised side effect of lithium F
317. Lithium may cause polyuria as a dose dependent side effect T
318. In pharmacokinetics, plasma protein binding increases permeation of BBB F
319. Serotonine reuptake blockade is a significant feature of clomipramine T
320. Generalised Hypotonia is a characteristic feature of neuroleptic malignant syndrome F
321. With plasma levels maintained within therapeutic window, the daily dosing regime for lithium is irrelevant to renal toxicity F
322. Atypical antipsychotics are characterised by selective affinity for D4 dopamine receptors F
323. Zopiclone does not act via benzodiazepine receptors F
324. Conjunctival irritation is a common SE of chlordiazepoxide F
325. Agranulocytosis is a dose dependent SE of Clozapine F
326. Priapism is reported most frequently with Mirtazapine than Trazodon F
327. Interaction between simultaneously prescribed drugs can result in plasma haloperidol concentration being halved by Carbamazepine T
328. The benzodiazepine withdrawal syndrome may not develop up t 3 weeks of stopping a long acting benzodiazepine T
329. Buspiron is useful to alleviate symptoms of benzodiazepine withdrawal F
330. Moclobemide acts by reversible inhibition of MOA type B F
331. Chlorpromazine may cause photosensitive rash T
332. Lithium carbonate causes unwanted clinical effects by interfering with activity of the renal tubules T
333. Lithium carbonate causes unwanted clinical effects by interfering with ADH activity T
334. Lithium carbonate causes unwanted clinical effects by interfering with the activity of corticotrophin F
335. Lithium carbonate causes unwanted clinical effects by interfering with the activity of TSH T
336. Lithium causes unwanted effects by interfering with the activity of Prolactine F
337. Thioridazine is known to cause Pigmentory retinopathy T
338. Lithium is known to cause hyperthyroidism T
339. Sertraline is a sedative antipsychotic drug F
340. Moclobemide is a sedative antipsychotic drug F
341. Trazodon is a sedative psychotropic drug T
342. Chlorpromazine may lower seizure threshold T
343. Increased permeability of BBB is a recognised cause of adverse effects of psychotropic medications in the elderly F
344. Increased slow wave activity on EEG may be caused by benzodiazepines F
345. TCA are highly protein bound in the blood T
346. Benzodiazepines reduce seizure threshold F
347. TCA have hydroxylated metabolites with little or no antidepressant activity F
348. TCA have rates of metabolism dependent on hepatic blood flow T
349. Neuroleptics produce neurotoxicity with lithium by increasing lithium plasma levels F
350. Lithium should be avoided in patients suffering from liver disease F
351. High lithium levels may occur with a high sodium diet F
352. Tardive dyskinesia disappears during sleep T
353. Buspiron acts mainly on 5 HT 1 A receptors T
354. Abrupt withdrawal of Phenelzine may cause seizures T
355. Weight gain with psychotropic drugs is mediated by blockade of NA reuptake F
356. Prenatal exposure to lithium is associated with Ebstein anomaly T
357. Lipid soluble drugs pass more readily across membranes than water soluble ones T
358. First pass effect is the metabolism of a drug by the liver before it reaches the systemic circulation T
359. Glutamate is an excitatory neurotransmitter T
360. Drugs that block presynaptic dopamine receptors increase dopamine synthesis & release T
361. Akathisia affects about 50 % of patients on Neuroleptics T
362. Jaundice with phenothiazines is dose dependent F
363. Amitriptyline is metabolised to Nortriptyline T
364. Cimetidine increases TCA levels T
365. Food like cheese should be avoided while taking MAOI as they may cause hypotention F
366. Venlafaxine is a sedative NA reuptake inhibitor F
367. Phenothiazines can raise TCA levels T
368. The combination of SSRI & MAOI can be used in cases of severe resistant depression F it is absolutely contra indicated.
369. Patients achieve steady state blood levels about 3 days after starting lithium F a week.
370. Family history of BPAD indicates poor response to lithium F it is a good prognostic indicator.
371. Decreased T3 is usually the first sign of hypothyroidism in patients treated with lithium F raised TSH
372. Valproate is the preferred anticonvulsant in Clozapine induced fits T
373. The GABA A receptor complex is associated with chloride channels T
374. TCA generally cause weight loss F
375. Risperidone is a benzosoxazole derivative T
376. Cataplexy is a feature of neuroleptic malignant syndrome F
377. Rigidity, confusion, hyperreflexia, autonomic instability along with raised CK levels are seen in neuroleptic malignant syndrome T
378. Patients withdrawing from benzodiazepine may experience withdrawal symptoms for months T
379. The generally accepted therapeutic serum lithium level is 0.6-1 mmol/L T
380. Constipation is a common SE of Fluoxetine F
381. TCA can cause shortening of ST interval on ECG F prolonged ST interval , even heart block
382. Priapism is a known side effect of Trazodon T
383. Acute dystonic reaction is more likely to occur with haloperidol than chlorpromazine T
384. Clozapine primarily acts on D4 receptors in the brain
385. The rabbit syndrome caused by Neuroleptics is usually present during sleep F
386. Elevated prolactin while on Neuroleptics is mediated by alpha 1 adrenergic receptors F D2
387. Most drugs taken orally are absorbed into the blood circulation primarily from the stomach F small intestine
388. Dantrolene is a calcium antagonist T
389. Antagonists & agonists can interact competitively at the same receptor T
390. Water soluble drugs pass easily across BBB F lipid soluble
391. Clonidine is an alpha 2 agonist T
392. Clozapine induced seizures are best treated with Carbamazepine F both can cause blood dyscrasia valproate is preferred
393. Olanzapine is more effective than Risperidone in the treatment of mood symptoms T
394. Clozapine can be given safely during pregnancy F
395. SSRI can cause Akathisia T
396. MAO A enzyme metabolises dopamine F NA & serotonine
397. Smoking can lower the level of TCA T
398. Lithium is not metabolised in the body T
399. Lithium given in divided doses is less nephrotoxic than when given as a single dose during the day (F) single dose is safer & it allows regeneration & repair of damage
400. Aspirin & diclofenac can be given safely with lithium F
401. Valpraote can be safely given during pregnancy F
402. Lamotrigine acts by neuronal membrane stabilisation & inhibiting Glutamate release T
403. People with a passive & dependent personality are more likely to develop dependence on benzodiazepine T
404. The efficacy of a drug is propotional to the potency (F) both are independent of each other
405. Zopiclone does not a dependence syndrome F
406. Serum lithium levels are best measured 24 hours after the last dose F
407. TCA can facilitate intra ventricular conduction F
408. Hypotension is a common SE of Venlafaxine F
409. Lorazepam has a ½ life of about 100 hours F 7-35 diazepam is 100 hours
410. Pin point pupil are a feature of heroin withdrawal syndrome F
411. Nefazodone acts primarily on serotonine1A receptors
412. Postural hypotension is mediated primarily by alpha 1 adrenergic receptors T
413. The presence of metabolising enzymes in the liver does not affect the rate of drug absorption in to the circulation T
414. An antagonist drug always produce the opposite effect to an agonist F
415. First order kinetics state the change in concentration is independent of the concentration of the drug (F) this is zero order kinetics. In first order kinetics the rate of absorption depends on the dose remaining to be absorbed
416. D2 receptor occupancy rates of more than 90 % are required for most antipsychotics to exert their effects (F) 65-85 %
417. The presence of dopamine increases prolactin level F
418. Antipsychotics decrease the turn over of dopamine in the brain F
419. Olanzapine causes a lesser increase in prolactin than Risperidone T
420. Tardive dyskinesia is commoner in females T
421. Among TCA tertiary amines are more potent at blocking 5 HT reuptake T
422. Antiepileptics can increase TCA levels F
423. MAOI are the drugs of choice in atypical depression T
424. A wash out period of 2 weeks is necessary while switching from Fluoxetine to MAOI (F) 5 weeks
425. Lithium is excreted unchanged by the kidney T
426. Lithium is present in breast milk T
427. Valproate has a similar effect to lithium in mania T
428. Carbamazepine can increase Warfarin levels F
429. A benzodiazepine with a short ½ life is more likely to cause dependency than one with a longer ½ life T
430. Zopiclone has a ½ life of about 1-3 hours F
431. The effects of Zopiclone can be reversed with Flumazenil T
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